Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a powerful technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems present distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article de

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their remarkable effectiveness. This article examines the assessment of PVDF membrane bioreactors in terms of diverse performance parameters, comprising removal efficiency of

Wastewater treatment/remediation/purification presents a significant global challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Hollow fiber membranes/Microfiltration membranes/Fiber-based membrane systems, renowned for their high surface area-to-volume ratio and v